Evergreen primers on investors, commodities, technical analysis, fundamentals, macroeconomics and investing basics.
Form 13F is a form that institutional investment managers (Instituional Investment Managers) with assets under management exceeding US$100 million are required to submit to the U.S...
Credit default swaps, also known as credit default swaps, or CDS in English, are a type of financial derivatives mainly used to manage credit risk. It is a contract traded between ...
ETF, the full name in English is Exchange Traded Fund, and in Chinese it is called "index stock fund". ETF is essentially a security that tracks an index, industry (Sector), commod...
Futures, in English, is Futures, which literally means "future". Specifically, it refers to the trading of spot goods in a certain period in the future, that is, the parties to the...
Hedge fund, in English, is Hedge Fund, which means "fund that hedges risks". It is also called "hedge fund" or "arbitrage fund". Typical characteristics of hedge fund transactions ...
Mortgage-Backed Security, or MBS in English, is a loan investment bond based on home mortgages. The operating model of mortgage-backed bonds can be simply understood as a home buye...
Mutual funds, also known as Mutual Funds in English, are financial products second only to stocks (Stock) among financial investment and wealth management products. Mutual funds ar...
U.S. stock industry sector: The U.S. stock market is the largest and most liquid financial investment market in the world, attracting investors from all over the world, including b...
Foreign exchange trading, English is Forex Trading, foreign exchange trading refers to a trading method in which investors obtain profits by buying and selling the exchange rate di...
"Petrodollar" refers to the dollar revenue obtained from oil exports. The term originated in the 1970s, when the United States and key members of the Organization of the Petroleum ...
Real Estate Investment Trusts, also known as "Real Estate Investment Trusts", or REITs in English, specifically refer to companies that make profits from real estate investments. T...
Short selling, also known as Short Selling in English, is an investment strategy that is opposite to the conventional stock investment strategy. Under normal circumstances, the vas...
Fundamental Analysis, also known as Fundamental Analysis in English, is a method of evaluating a company's value. It analyzes the company's fundamentals based on the company's fina...
Options, also known as Options in English, are a financial trading method used to trade financial investment categories derived from futures trading. Options give the buyer the rig...
Quantitative trading, also known as Quantitative Trading in English, or Quant for short, is a trading method often used by financial investment institutions. It aims to analyze a l...
Technical analysis, also known as Technical Analysis in English, is an investment analysis method that conducts investment analysis, trend judgment and trading point identification...
CFTC (U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission) is an independent federal agency, its full English name is Commodity Futures Trading Commission. It was created by the U.S. Congres...
The required rate of return, also known as the target rate of return, is the Required Rate of Return in English, or RRR for short, which refers to the minimum rate of return that i...
Value investing, also known as Value Investing in English, is a long-term investment strategy that focuses on the company itself, focusing on selecting listed companies whose marke...
Both month-on-month and year-on-year comparisons are common comparative analysis methods for financial indicators. The quarter-on-quarter cycle includes: Month Over Month, or Month...
Capital expenditure, referred to as Capital Expenditure in English, refers to the company's long-term investment to purchase, maintain or upgrade fixed assets (such as properties, ...
Profit margin, also known as Profit Margin in English, indicates the ratio of a company's profit to its total revenue, generally expressed as a percentage. Profit rate can be used ...
Financial reports, also known as financial reports, are financial statements and financial analysis reports that all U.S. listed companies must submit to the U.S. Securities and Ex...
Dividend, also known as Dividend in English, is a unique method of asset return for stocks or stock-related financial investments. When a public company provides stable and long-la...
Minority interests, known as Minority Interests or Non-controlling Interests in English, refer to the equity corresponding to the portion of equity that is not fully held by a pare...
Preferred stock, also known as Preferred Stock in English, is a stock with preferential rights issued by a joint-stock company. Shareholders holding preferred shares have priority ...
Stock repurchase, also known as Share Repurchase or Buyback in English, refers to a listed company purchasing its own company's shares directly from the securities market or throug...
Cost of Goods Sold in English, abbreviated as COGS, is the direct cost incurred by an enterprise in the process of providing products and services, including raw materials, direct ...
Debt to Equity Ratio, also known as Debt to Equity Ratio in English, is an important indicator of a company's financial leverage. It is a measure of the ratio of a company's total ...
Earning Before Interest and Tax in English, often abbreviated as EBIT, is a measure of a company's ability to make profits from operations without considering interest expenses and...
Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization, often abbreviated as EBITDA, measures a company's profit before interest expenses, tax expenses, depreciation and am...
Operating expenses, also known as Operating Expenses in English, often abbreviated as OpEx, refer to the company's costs and expenditures during daily operations, including sales, ...
Peter Lynch Fair Value, also known as Peter Lynch Fair Value in English, is a calculation model that measures the intrinsic value of a growth company and can be used to evaluate wh...
Return on equity, also known as "return on equity", is Return on Equity in English and is often abbreviated as ROE. Return on equity measures a company's ability to use its equity ...
Shareholders’ Equity in English refers to the net asset value attributable to the company’s shareholders after the company’s total assets minus total liabilities, and represents th...
Balance sheet, also known as Balance Sheet in English, is sometimes called "statement of financial position". It shows the financial status of a company on a specific date and refl...
Cash Flow Statement, or CFS in English, is a financial statement that measures the inflow and outflow of cash and cash equivalents of a listed company during a specific period of t...
What is an IPO? Companies issue shares and raise funds from the public to expand the scale of their businesses, which is the development path of most well-run companies. Before goi...
The income statement, also known as Income Statement in English, is a financial statement that reflects the company's profits (or losses) and expenses every quarter or year. It nee...
Asset turnover ratio, also known as Asset Turnover Ratio in English, is a financial indicator that measures a company's ability to convert its assets into operating income. Asset t...
Book value, also known as “Shareholder’s Equity” in English, is a measure of a company’s net assets. Book value is calculated as the difference between a company's total assets and...
Cash Ratio, also known as Cash Ratio in English, sometimes also called "Cash Asset Ratio" in English, is a measure of a listed company's ability to use its cash and cash equivalent...
Cash Flow to Debt Ratio in English is an important indicator of a company's financial strength, indicating the ratio between the company's cash flow earned through operations and i...
Market capitalization, or Market Cap in English, is calculated by multiplying the total number of outstanding shares of a listed company by the current stock price. A company's mar...
Profit, also known as Profit in English, is the residual value of a company's revenue from its operating activities within a certain period after subtracting its costs and expenses...
Current ratio, also known as Current Ratio in English, is a measure of a listed company's ability to pay its short-term liabilities due within one year. It is similar to the quick ...
Debt Service Coverage Ratio, also known as "Debt Service Coverage Ratio", or DSCR in English, is a financial indicator that measures a company's ability to use its income to repay ...
Dollar Cost Averaging in English, or DCA for short, is what people often call "fixed investment" and is an investment strategy that refers to periodic quantification. Among them, r...
Earnings per share, or EPS in English, indicates the ratio of a company's net profit to the number of outstanding shares. It is a financial indicator that measures the profitabilit...
Enterprise value multiple, also known as Enterprise Multiple in English, often abbreviated as EV/EBITDA, calculates the ratio of enterprise value to earnings before interest, taxes...
Enterprise Value, or EV in English, is a measure of the total value of a company, indicating the acquisition price of a listed company. It takes into account both the company's own...
Financial leverage coefficient, also known as Degree of Financial Leverage in English, or DFL for short, is a financial indicator that measures the sensitivity of a company's net i...
Free cash flow, often abbreviated as FCF, refers to the cash flow a company generates from its operations after deducting capital expenditures that can be used to distribute divide...
Interest Coverage Ratio, or ICR in English, is one of the most important company financial indicators. It measures the company's ability to pay debt interest by calculating the rat...
Inventory Turnover Ratio, also known as Inventory Turnover Ratio in English, is a financial indicator that measures a company's ability to generate sales revenue from inventory. In...
Net Current Asset Value, or NCAV in English, is a financial indicator that measures the ability of a listed company to generate income from current assets. Net current asset value ...
Net Working Capital, or NWC in English, is often referred to as Working Capital. It calculates the difference between a company's current assets and current liabilities and is an i...
Net working capital, also known as Net-Net Working Capital in English, or NNWC for short, is a financial indicator that measures the value of the remaining assets of a listed compa...
Operating leverage coefficient, in English, is Degree of Operating Leverage, referred to as DOL, also known as "operating leverage", which is used to measure the impact of a compan...
Price/Earnings-to-Growth Ratio, or PEG Ratio in English, is a financial indicator that measures whether a company's stock price is overvalued or undervalued and estimates the compa...
Price-to-Sale Ratio in English is Price-to-Sale Ratio, or P/S Ratio for short. The price-to-sales ratio is similar to the price-to-earnings ratio and is an important tool used to v...
Quick Ratio, also known as Quick Ratio in English, sometimes also called "Acid-Test Ratio" in English, is Acid-Test Ratio in English. It is an indicator that measures the ability o...
Return on assets, referred to as ROA in English, also known as "return on assets", measures the ratio of a company's net profit to total assets. It is a reference value used to mea...
Return on Capital Employed, or ROCE in English, is an evaluation indicator that measures the efficiency with which a listed company uses its capital to generate profits. To calcula...
Return On Invested Capital, or ROIC in English, is used to measure a company's efficiency in converting capital into profits. You can judge a company's investment value by comparin...
Equity to Asset Ratio in English is an important indicator of a company's financial strength. It measures the proportion of a listed company's assets that come from the sale of sha...
Graham Index, also known as Graham number in English, is a value indicator that measures the level of stock prices. Benjamin Graham published his famous book "The Intelligent Inves...
P/E Ratio in English is the abbreviation of Price-to-Earnings Ratio, which represents the ratio of the company's market capitalization to the company's net profit. It can also be c...
Price to Cash Flow Ratio in English, often abbreviated as P/CF, calculates the ratio of a company's market value to the cash flow generated by its operations. The P/C ratio is simi...
Capital Asset Pricing Model, or CAPM in English, is a financial calculation model that measures the relationship between investors' expected returns and investment risks when inves...
The discounted cash flow method is a financial evaluation method based on the concept of time value of money. The basic principle is: in industries involving cash flow such as inve...
Dividend payout ratio, also known as Dividend Payout Ratio in English, is a financial indicator that measures the proportion of dividends paid to shareholders by a listed company t...
The Magic Formula, also known as the Magic Formula in English, is an investment strategy proposed by Joel Greenblatt. In this investment strategy, Joel Greenblatt uses ROC (return ...
The price-to-book ratio, in English, is P/B Ratio, or P/BV Ratio, which values a company by calculating the ratio of the company's market value to the book value of common shares (...
Weighted average cost of capital, or WACC in English, is an indicator of a company's financing capabilities. WACC is a method of calculating the company's capital cost based on the...
Yield, also known as Earnings Yield in English, is a financial analysis indicator that measures the profit earned by a company per unit of stock price. Yield is calculated by divid...
Bollinger Bands are a technical analysis tool invented by John Bollinger in 1980. It is mainly used to analyze market volatility and trend strength, and can be used as an indicator...
Fibonacci Retracement, also known as Fibonacci Retracement in English, is a technical analysis tool used to identify potential support and resistance levels during price correction...
Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD for short) is a widely used technical analysis tool, mainly used to determine the strength of stock price trends and momentum. This indi...
Moving Average (MA for short) is one of the most basic and widely used technical indicators. It helps you identify and track trends in asset prices by calculating the average price...
Average Directional Index, or ADX in English, is a technical indicator used to measure the strength of price trends. The average trend indicator was proposed by Welles Wilder in 19...
The On-Balance Volume indicator in English, or OBV for short, is a technical indicator based on trading volume. It predicts the future trend of stock prices by combining price tren...
Commodity Channel Index, or CCI in English, is a technical analysis indicator that determines whether the market is in an overbought or oversold stage by measuring price changes re...
Money Flow Index (MFI) is a technical indicator used to measure the inflow and outflow of funds in the market within a specific period. MFI takes into account both a stock's price ...
Relative Strength Index, or RSI in English, is a momentum indicator that measures the speed and rate of change of stock prices. The Relative Strength Index was proposed by J. Welle...
The Stochastic Oscillator in English is a momentum indicator that evaluates the speed and change of price trends by comparing the closing price with the average price within a cert...
Application Accumulation/Distribution Line, also known as Accumulation/Distribution Line in English, referred to as A/D Line, is a technical indicator that analyzes capital flow an...
Primary dealers are financial institutions that can trade directly with the Federal Reserve. These institutions serve as counterparties to the Fed's operations and participate in t...
Bank deposit reserves, also known as Bank Reserves in English, are the reserve cash that financial institutions keep in their vaults or deposited with the central bank within a giv...
The Federal Reserve's open market operations, known as Open Market Operations in English, or OMO for short, refer to the transaction process in which the Federal Reserve buys or se...
The U.S. Dollar Index, referred to as DXY, or USDX in English, is a financial index that measures the exchange rate trend of the U.S. dollar against six foreign currencies (includi...
Overnight reverse repurchase, or OverNight Reverse RePurchase in English, or ON RRP for short, is a monetary policy auxiliary tool launched by the Federal Reserve in 2013. Its purp...
Money supply, also known as money stock (Money Stock), indicates the value of the total amount of money circulating in the market in a country within a certain period of time. Curr...
Non-agricultural employment data, known as Non Farm Payrolls in English, or NFP for short, is a statistical report released monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), wh...
The Buffett Indicator, also known as the Buffett Indicator in English, is a financial indicator that measures the total value of a country's publicly traded stocks as a percentage ...
There are two consumer confidence indexes in the United States, namely the Consumer Confidence Index (CCI) provided by the Conference Board, and the Michigan’s Consumer Sentiment I...
The Federal Reserve's balance sheet, also known as Fed Balance Sheet in English, is a financial statement released by the Federal Reserve on its official website every Thursday aro...
The Federal Reserve, whose full name is "Federal Reserve System of the United States", is actually the central bank of the United States. It is called Federal Reserve in English, o...
The House Price Index, or HPI in English, is an indicator that measures changes in single-family home prices throughout the United States or within a specific region. The home pric...
The National Financial Conditions Index (NFCI), published by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, is a comprehensive indicator designed to measure and reflect the overall condition...
Personal Consumption Expenditure Price Index, referred to as PCE Price Index or PCEPI in English, is a financial index released monthly by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA...
The U.S. Treasury Volatility Index, referred to as MOVE Index, the full English name is Merrill Lynch Option Volatility Estimate Index, which was developed by Merrill Lynch and is ...
U.S. Treasury yield curve: Under normal circumstances, short-term U.S. Treasury bond interest rates are low, and long-term Treasury bond capital flows are subject to certain restri...
The federal funds rate, also known as Federal Funds Rates in English, mainly includes the Federal Funds Effective Rate and the Federal Funds Target Rate. The Federal Funds Target R...
Inflation, referred to as "inflation" in English, refers to an increase in overall prices and a decrease in the purchasing power of the currency held by people, that is, an economi...
The interest on reserve balances, referred to as IORB in English, is an interest rate control tool implemented by the Federal Reserve on July 29, 2021, replacing the previous inter...
The unemployment rate, also known as Unemployment Rate in English, is an economic indicator that indicates the proportion of the unemployed population in a country. It can be used ...
Natural gas, also known as Natural Gas in English, is an important commodity and energy source. Investing in natural gas, like investing in oil, is a high-risk, high-yield investme...
Oil, or OIL in English, is a commodity. The price of commodities is cyclical and is affected by many factors. Oil investment is a high-risk, high-return investment. Oil market pric...
Commodities, English as Commodities, generally refer to raw materials that can be used for financial transactions, including various raw materials in agriculture, animal husbandry,...
Jesse Lauriston Livermore (1877-1940) is one of the legends of the American stock market and is known as one of the greatest stock traders. His career spanned the late 19th century...
Jim Rogers is a senior investor and commodity market expert who founded Quantum Fund in the early 1970s and successfully predicted a 20-year commodity bull market in the early 1980...
Julian Robertson is a famous American investor and hedge fund manager. He was born in Charlotte, North Carolina in 1932. Robertson is the founder of Tiger Management LLC, once one ...
Peter Lynch is a well-known investor and fund manager who once led the Fidelity Magellan Fund and achieved amazing investment returns during his career. His investment philosophy a...
Stanley Druckenmiller is a famous investor known as the "Wolf of Wall Street" and "one of the most successful investors in the world." His investment philosophy and market predicti...